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Iron islands in the Amazon: investigating plant beta diversity of canga outcrops

by: Andrino, Caroline Oliveira; Barbosa-Silva, Rafael Gomes; Lovo, Juliana; Viana, Pedro Lage; Moro, Marcelo Freire; Zappi, Daniela Cristina

Publication date: 2020-10-28
Usage: Attribution 4.0 International
Topics: campo rupestre, edaphic endemism, island-like habitats, Neotropical mountains, plant species diversity, rainforest, vascular plant survey
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Collection: biodiversity
Contributor: Pensoft Publishers
Language: English
Rights: https://biodiversitylibrary.org/permissions
Rights-holder: Copyright held by individual article author(s).
Volume: 165
Item Size: 28.1M

Abstract: The world’s largest mineral iron province, Serra dos Carajás, is home to an open vegetation known as canga, found on top of isolated outcrops rising out of the Amazon rainforest. Over one thousand vascular plants species have been recorded in these canga sites, including 38 edaphic endemics. A new survey adds to our investigation of biogeographic relationships between sixteen canga outcrops and the effect of the distance between site pairs on the number of shared species, regional species turnover and species distribution patterns. Plant collecting expeditions to the westernmost site, the Serra de Campos of São Félix do Xingu (SFX), were carried out followed by the identification of all collected specimens and the creation of a species database, built to perform biogeographical analyses. Floristic relationships among the sites were investigated regarding their similarity, using multivariate analyses. The correlation between canga areas and species richness was tested, as well as the geographical distance between pairs of outcrops and their shared species. Vascular plants at SFX total 254 species including 17 edaphic endemics. All canga sites are grouped with 25% of minimum similarity, and the SFX falls within a large subgroup of outcrops. The total species number shared between site pairs does not change significantly with geographical distance but is positively correlated with the area of each outcrop. Meanwhile, shared endemic species numbers between site pairs decline when geographical distance increases, possibly imposed by the barrier of the rainforest. Our data suggest higher shared similarity between the largest and species-richest sites as opposed to geographically nearby sites, and provide useful insight for drafting conservation and compensation measures for canga locations. The size of the canga outcrops is associated to higher floristic diversity but connectivity among islands also plays a role in their similarity.
Addeddate: 2025-05-01 19:53:34
Bhl_virtual_titleid: 210913
Bhl_virtual_volume: v.165 (2020)
Call number: 10_3897_phytokeys_165_54819
Call-number: 10_3897_phytokeys_165_54819
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Genre: article
Identifier: ironislandsamaz165andr
Identifier-ark: ark:/13960/s21sp9fm5vj
Identifier-bib: 10_3897_phytokeys_165_54819
Identifier-doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.165.54819
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Ocr_detected_lang: en
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Ocr_detected_script: Latin
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Page_range: 1-25
Pages: 25
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Possible copyright status: In copyright. Digitized with the permission of the rights holder.
Ppi: 300
Source: PhytoKeys 165
Year: 2020